Roofing might seem straightforward—until you start reading an inspection report or estimate filled with unfamiliar terms. Understanding basic roofing terminology empowers you to make informed decisions, identify issues early, and communicate clearly with contractors.

Here’s a list of essential roofing terms and definitions that every homeowner should know:

Shingles

The outermost layer of a roof, shingles are flat, overlapping pieces typically made of asphalt, wood, slate, or metal. They provide water resistance and affect the look of your home.

Underlayment

A water-resistant barrier installed under the shingles to provide extra protection against moisture and wind.

Decking (or Sheathing)

The foundation of the roof, usually made of plywood or OSB, where the roofing materials are attached.

Flashing

Thin metal pieces installed around roof penetrations (chimneys, vents) to redirect water away and prevent leaks.

Ridge

The highest point or peak where two sloping roof sections meet. Often capped with special shingles for protection and ventilation.

Eaves

The lower edge of a roof that extends beyond the exterior walls. Eaves help direct water away from the foundation.

Fascia

A vertical board that runs along the edge of the roof, often behind the gutter. It supports the lower edge of the roof and gives it a finished look.

Soffit

Located under the eaves, the soffit provides ventilation to the attic and helps regulate temperature and moisture.

Valley

The internal angle formed where two roof slopes meet. Valleys must be properly sealed and flashed to prevent water pooling.

Hip

The external angle formed when two roof slopes meet. Hip roofs are more wind-resistant and often found on modern homes.

Gable

The triangular portion of a wall that supports the ends of a pitched roof. Gables influence both roof structure and architectural style.

Drip edge

A metal flashing installed at the roof edges to direct water away from the fascia and into the gutters.

Ice & water shield

A self-adhesive membrane applied in vulnerable areas (like valleys and eaves) to prevent leaks caused by ice dams or wind-driven rain.

Vent boot

A pre-formed cover used to seal around plumbing or exhaust vents on the roof, preventing water intrusion.

Roof pitch

Refers to the angle or steepness of a roof. It affects drainage, material choice, and installation method.

Square

A unit of measurement in roofing: one square = 100 square feet of roofing material.

Tear-off

The process of removing old roofing materials before installing new ones. This is often recommended over “roof-overs” for better durability.

Roof overlay

A roofing method where new shingles are installed over the existing roof. It’s faster and cheaper but not always recommended for long-term performance.

Understanding roofing terminology gives you the confidence to ask the right questions, understand contractor estimates, and recognize when your roof needs attention. At Masterpiece Roofing, we believe in keeping our clients informed at every step of the process.

Contact Masterpiece Roofing today for transparent service, thorough inspections, and roofing solutions across New England.